Hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab,PAC (Polyaluminium Chloride)thiabPAM (Polyacrylamide)ua hauj lwm txawv, tab sis feem ntau complementary, luag hauj lwm.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov yooj yim:PAC yog coagulant (kev kho thawj zaug), thiab PAM yog flocculant (kev kho mob theem nrab).
Ntawm no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog thaum twg yuav siv txhua.
1. PAC (Polyaluminium Chloride)
Hom:Inorganic Coagulant
Kev Ua:Neutralizes tus nqi tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm, destabilizing lawv kom lawv tuaj yeem ua ke. Nws tseem precipitates phosphorus.
Thaum siv PAC:
* Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb:Thaum koj xav tau tshem tawm qhov pib "cloudiness" (TSS) thiab turbidity.
* Kev tshem tawm phosphorus:PAC yog qhov zoo heev ntawm kev sib txuas nrog phosphorus los tsim cov dej tsis sib haum (AlPO4). Yog tias koj daim ntawv tso cai tso tawm muaj kev txwv phosphorus nruj, PAC yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
* Tsawg kub / siab turbidity:PAC ua haujlwm zoo dua li cov tshuaj alum hauv cov dej txias lossis dej uas muaj cov ntsiab lus organic vim nws tsim cov flocs denser.
* Wide pH ntau:Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj pH dav dav (5.0 - 9.0) piv rau ferric sulfate lossis alum.
* Tus nqi -Kev ua tau zoo rau cov khoom:Nws feem ntau pheej yig dua PAM thiab yog tus qauv "workhorse" rau thawj zaug ntes.
Pros:Tus nqi qis, tshem tawm phosphorus, ruaj khov.
Cons:tuaj yeem txo pH (yuav tsum tau hloov kho cov kua qaub / caustic), ua kom muaj cov kua dej ntau dua li PAM ib leeg.
2. PAM (Polyacrylamide)
Hom:Organic Flocculant (Polymer)
Kev Ua:Siv cov saw ntev molecular rau "choj" ntawm cov khoom me me, tsim cov loj, hnyav flocs uas yoog sai lossis ntab yooj yim.
Thaum siv PAM:
* Txhawb Flocs:Thaum cov flocs tsim los ntawm PAC tsawg dhau los yog tsis yooj yim rau kev daws teeb meem hauv koj qhov kev qhia meej.
* Dewatering (Sludge Thickening):Qhov no yog PAM thawj lub zog loj. Nyob rau hauv txoj siv tawv presses, centrifuges, los yog lim presses, PAM yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tso dej los ntawm sludge ncuav mog qab zib. PAC tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no ib leeg.
* DAF Systems (Dissolved Air Flotation):Hauv DAF units (feem ntau hauv cov nqaij nruab deg / nqaij ua haujlwm), PAM yog siv los tsim cov flocs uas txuas rau huab cua npuas.
* High Flow / High Velocity:PAM pab flocs tiv thaiv shear rog hauv cov kav dej thiab cov twj tso kua mis.
* Kev tshem tawm xim:PAM muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tshem cov xim - ua rau cov organic tebchaw.
Nco ntsoov:PAM tuaj nyob rau hauv peb nqi. Koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov zoo raws li koj cov dej:
* Cationic PAM:Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khib nyiab organic (kev ua zaub mov, dej phwj tuaj, cov sludge lom).
* Anionic PAM:Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khib nyiab inorganic (mine, hlau xov, av nplaum, silt).
* Tsis yog -Ionic PAM:Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau nruab nrab pH lossis cov organic / inorganic sib xyaw.
Pros:Tus nqi qis heev (ppm), ua kom ntom ntom, qis- ntim cov sludge, zoo heev rau dewatering.
Cons:kim, rhiab heev rau siab shear (sib tov nyuaj heev lov cov chains), yuav tsum tau ceev faj dissolution.
3. Thaum siv lawv ua ke (Dual Coagulation / Flocculation)
Nyob rau hauv feem ntau industrial thiab municipal wastewater nroj tsuag,siv ob qho tib si yog qhov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws.
Qhov Sequence:
1. NtxivPACua ntej. Sib tov sib zog kom tsis txhob raug nqi.
2. NtxivPAMthib ob. Sib tov maj mam tso cai rau kev sib txuas yam tsis tau rhuav tshem cov saw hlau.
Cov txiaj ntsig:
* Synergy:PAC neutralizes cov khoom, cia PAM lob lawv yooj yim dua.
* Kev txuag nyiaj:Siv ib qho me me ntawm PAC tso cai rau koj siv PAM tsawg dua (uas yog kim dua).
* Kev daws teeb meem zoo dua:Kev sib xyaw ua ke tsim qhov nrawm tshaj plaws - daws, clearest effluent ua tau.
Summary Comparison Table
| Feature | PAC (Coagulant) | PAM (Flocculant) |
| Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb | Charge neutralization (Destabilization) | Particle bridging (Aggregation) |
| Floc Loj | Me me, pin-point flocs | Loj, macro flocs |
| Sludge Volume | Siab (ntau dej hauv sludge) | Low (dense cake) |
| Phosphorus tshem tawm | Zoo heev | pluag |
| Sludge Dewatering | pluag | Zoo heev |
| Nqi | Tsawg | Siab |
| Hom Tshuaj | Siab (mg / L ntau) | Tsawg (ppm ntau) |
| Zoo tshaj rau | Clarifiers, Turbidity, Phosphate | Belt Presses, DAF, Centrifuges |
Kev Pom Zoo Kawg
* Yog tias koj tsuas yog tso cov khib nyiab hauv lub tank:Pib nrogPAC. Yog tias cov flocs me dhau, ntxiv me ntsisAnionic PAM.
* Yog tias koj dewatering sludge (nias nws):Koj yuav tsum sivCationic PAM(feem ntau nrog qee tus neeg ua haujlwm txias).
* Yog tias koj muaj phosphorus siab:SivPACua tus thawj tsav tsheb.